Multistage Switching Architectures for Software Routers

Software routers based on personal computer (PC) architectures are becoming an important alternative to proprietary and expensive network devices. However, software routers suffer from many limitations of the PC architecture, including, among others, limited bus and central processing unit (CPU) bandwidth, high memory access latency, limited scalability in terms of number of network interface cards, and lack of resilience mechanisms. Multistage PC-based architectures can be an interesting alternative since they permit us to i) increase the performance of single software routers, ii) scale router size, iii) distribute packet manipulation and control functionality, iv) recover from single-component failures, and v) incrementally upgrade router performance. We propose a specific multistage architecture, exploiting PC-based routers as switching elements, to build a high-speed, largesize,scalable, and reliable software router. A small-scale prototype of the multistage router is currently up and running in our labs, and performance evaluation is under wa

Irescenari. Secondo rapporto triennale sugli scenari evolutivi del Piemonte 2004/7. Lo sviluppo della società dell'informazione in Piemonte tra tradizione industriale e nuove opportunità

Irescenari ; 2004/7- Indice #5- Presentazione #7- Il contesto internazionale: dagli eccessi della New Economy alle ICT come elemento di trasformazione delle imprese e della società dell'informazione #9- Problemi di metodo nella misurazione #13- Le diffusione della società dell'informazione in Piemonte #17- Il settore ICT in Piemonte: struttura, caratteristiche e prospettive di sviluppo #28- Gli scenari di sviluppo per il settore ICT e per la società dell'informazione in Piemonte #41- Riferimenti bibliografici #4

Atti del secondo Congresso di studi coloniali : Napoli, 1-5 ottobre 1934-12 Firenze

7 v. ; 26 cm Nel front.: Indetto dal Centro di studi coloniali sotto gli auspici della Società Africana d'Italia

The Political Ecology of Cereal Seed Development in Africa: A History of Selection

Agricultural history and the history of seeds in sub?Saharan Africa are an aggregate effect of individual day?to?day decisions by farmers. The role of seeds within an agricultural system can be a valuable indicator of both social and natural time since farmers' seed selections indicate both natural conditions – moisture, pests, soils – and short?term, season by season farm decisions about labour, potential yield vs risk and market potential. In the immediate future, international donors and African governments are planning that African farmers will receive their seeds from a global political structure that anticipates, perhaps wishfully, economic and political stability. Those expectations of development specialists are ones that failed at the end of the twentieth century. Will seed selection by African farmers in the twenty?first century take place in an ideal free market of infinite choice or in real?world conditions fraught with uncertainty of supply, climate fluctuations and unintended consequences within complex local ecologies

notizie sull insegnamento di lingua letteratura e cultura romena presso la regia scuola superiore di commercio la facolta di economia e commercio e l universita ca foscari venezia

The aim of this research is to retrace the evolution of the academic study of Romanian at Ca' Foscari University, from its introduction in the second half of the 19th century to the present day, introducing a series of unpublished documents. The study highlights the most important periods for the above-mentioned course: 1883/84 – 1891 when Professor Marco Antonio Canini founded the Romanian language and culture course at Regia Scuola Superiore di Commercio di Venezia, the 1940s when Anna Potop was appointed Professor of Romanian at the Istituto Universitario di Economia e di Commercio, the 1970s when Sorin Stati coordinated courses of Romanian language and culture and ending with the late 1990s and 2000s when the courses were reinstated due to the collaboration between the Istituto Romeno di Cultura e Ricerca Umanistica di Venezia and Ca' Foscari University

Differences in the intellectual profile of children with intellectual vs. learning disability.

The WISC-IV was used to compare the intellectual profile of two groups of children, one with specific learning disorders (SLDs), the other with intellectual disabilities (ID), with a view to identifying which of the four main factor indexes and two additional indexes can distinguish between the groups. We collected information on WISC-IV scores for 267 children (Mage=10.61 [SD=2.51], range 6-16 years, females=99) with a diagnosis of either SLD or ID. Children with SLD performed better than those with ID in all measures. Only the SLD children, not the ID children, revealed significant differences in the four main factor indexes, and their scores for the additional General Ability Index (GAI) were higher than for the Cognitive Proficiency Index (CPI). Children with a diagnosis of SLD whose Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ) was <85 showed a similar pattern. Our findings confirm the hypothesis that children with SLD generally obtain high GAI scores, but have specific deficiencies relating to working memory and processing speed, whereas children with ID have a general intellectual impairment. These findings have important diagnostic and clinical implications and should be considered when making diagnostic decisions in borderline cognitive cases

Environmental surveillance and in vitro activity of antimicrobial agents against Legionella pneumophila isolated from hospital water systems in Campania, South Italy: a 5-year study.

Abstract Background Legionellosis' treatment failures have been recently reported showing the possibility of resistance development to traditional therapy, especially in healthcare related disease cases. Environmental impact of antibiotic residues, especially in hospital waters, may act on the resistome of Legionella resulting in developing resistance mechanisms. Objectives In this study we investigate the antibiotic susceptibility of environmental Legionella pneumophila (Lpn) strains isolated from hospital water systems in Campania, a region located in Southwest Italy. Methods 5321 hospital water samples were investigated for the presence of Lpn. Among positive samples, antibiotic susceptibility was tested for a random subset of 125 Lpn strains (25 Lpn isolates from each of the following serogroups: 1, 3, 5, 6, 8). Susceptibility testing was performed, using the E-test on buffered charcoal yeast extract agar supplemented with α-ketoglutarate, for 10 antimicrobial drugs: azithromycin, cefotaxime, clarithromycin, doxycycline, erythromycin, rifampicin, tigecycline, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin. Non parametric tests were used to determine and assess the significant differences in susceptibility to the different antimicrobics between the serogroups. Results Among the isolated strains, none showed resistance to the antibiotics tested. Rifampicin was the most active antibiotic against overall Legionella strains, followed by levofloxacin. Between the macrolides the clarithromycin was overall the most active drug, instead the azithromycin was the less active. Analyzing the different serogroups a significant difference was found between serogroup 1 and non-1 serogroup isolates for doxycycline and tigecycline. Conclusions Antibiotic susceptibility of environmental isolates of Legionella spp. might be useful for the early detection of resistance to antibiotics that directly impacts on mortality and length of hospital stay